AnkleAnatomy踝关节解剖APatient’sGuidetoAnkleAnatomy患者指南:踝关节解剖
Introduction
简介Theanklejointactslikeahinge.Butit’smuchmorethanasimplehingejoint.Theankleisactuallymadeupofseveralimportantstructures.Theuniquedesignoftheanklemakesitaverystablejoint.Thisjointhastobestableinordertowithstand1.5timesyourbodyweightwhenyouwalkanduptoeighttimesyourbodyweightwhenyourun.
踝关节就像一个铰链,但又不仅仅是一个简单的铰链关节。踝关节实际上是由几个重要的结构组成的。踝关节的独特结构特点使其成为一个非常稳定的关节。该关节在你步行时必须承受1.5倍体重的负荷,跑步时则需要承受8倍体重的负荷。
Normalanklefunctionisneededtowalkwithasmoothandnearlyeffortlessgait.Themuscles,tendons,andligamentsthatsupporttheanklejointworktogethertopropelthebody.Conditionsthatdisturbthenormalwaytheankleworkscanmakeitdifficulttodoyouractivitieswithoutpainorproblems.
为了能够以平稳而几乎毫不费力的步态行走,正常功能的踝关节则是必要条件。肌肉、肌腱及韧带有机结合并组成踝关节,从而起到推动身体前行的作用。一旦有任何影响踝关节正常运作的因素存在,那么很难避免在相关活动时出现踝关节疼痛或者其他问题。
Thisguidewillhelpyouunderstand
该指南有助于你理解
whatpartsmakeuptheankle
howtheankleworks
踝关节的组成
踝关节的功能
ImportantStructures重要结构Theimportantstructuresoftheanklecanbedividedintoseveralcategories.Theseinclude
踝关节的重要结构分为若干个部分。包括:
bonesandjoints
ligamentsandtendons
muscles
nerves
bloodvessels
骨与关节
韧带和肌腱
肌肉
神经
血管
Thetopofthefootisreferredtoasthedorsalsurface.Thesoleofthefootistheplantarsurface.
脚的顶部被称为足背面,脚底为足底面。
BonesandJoints
骨与关节
Theanklejointisformedbytheconnectionofthreebones.Theankleboneiscalledthetalus.Thetopofthetalusfitsinsideasocketthatisformedbythelowerendofthetibia(shinbone)andthefibula(thesmallboneofthelowerleg).Thebottomofthetalussitsontheheelbone,calledthecalcaneus.
踝关节是由三块骨头连接形成。“踝骨”称为距骨。距骨的顶部嵌入于由胫骨和腓骨的远端所形成的凹穴样结构。距骨底部则位于跟骨之上。
Thetalusworkslikeainsidethesockettoallowyourfoottomoveup(dorsiflexion)anddown(plantarflexion).
距骨在凹穴内活动时,你的脚就在向上(背屈)或者向下(跖屈)运动了。
Woodworkersandcraftsmenarefamiliarwiththedesignoftheanklejoint.Theyuseasimilarconstruction,calledamortiseandtenon,tocreatestablestructures.Theyroutinelyuseittomakestrongandsturdyitems,suchasfurnitureandbuildings.
木匠和工匠似乎很熟悉踝关节的构造。他们利用类似的结构,称为榫卯,用以创造稳定的结构。他们经常应用它来制作牢固而结实的物品,例如家具和建筑物。
Insidethejoint,thebonesarecoveredwithaslickmaterialcalledarticularcartilage.Articularcartilageisthematerialthatallowsthebonestomovesmoothlyagainstoneanotherinthejointsofthebody.
在关节内部,骨骼都被一种称为关节软骨的光滑组织覆盖着。由于关节软骨的存在,关节内相邻骨骼之间能够平滑地移动。
Thecartilageliningisaboutone-quarterofaninchthickinmostjointsthatcarrybodyweight,suchastheankle,hip,orknee.Itissoftenoughtoallowforshockabsorptionbuttoughenoughtolastalifetime,aslongasitisnotinjured.
绝大多数承重关节的软骨约有四分之一英寸厚,如踝关节,髋关节,膝关节。由于它足够柔软,可以很好地起到缓冲震荡的作用,同时又足够坚韧,在不受损伤的前提下,可一生受用。
LigamentsandTendons
韧带和肌腱
Ligamentsarethesofttissuesthatattachbonestobones.Ligamentsareverysimilartotendons.Thedifferenceisthattendonsattachmusclestobones.Bothofthesestructuresaremadeupofsmallfibersofamaterialcalledcollagen.Thecollagenfibersarebundledtogethertoformarope-likestructure.Ligamentsandtendons